- John Stuart Mill was an English philosopher, political economist, politician, and civil servant. One of the most-influential thinkers in the history of classical liberalism, he contributed widely to social theory, political theory, and political economy.
- He was introduced to many theories to the world, including Utilitarianism, Individual Liberty, Principles of Political Economy, Women’s Right, Representative Democracy,
- Education, Social Welfare & Government Intervention and Harm Principle. Among these theories the essence of the mill’s theory is “Utilitarianism & On Liberty”.
UTILITARIANISM.
This theory was founded by Jeremy Bentham, and this was developed by J.S Mill.
- Model of Utilitarianism,
- Mills disagrees with Bentham.
- Mill said, we can’t calculate the amount of pleasure or pain that an act produces.
- Basic of morality
- Basic Principles of Utilitarianism,
- equal benefit or greatest happiness of the people.
LIBERTY.
- Jhon Stuart Mill is universally regarded as the champion of liberty.
- His views regarding liberty are expressed in his book “on Liberty” which was published in (1859).
- A liberal classical economist, Mill was an advocate of individual rights, progressive social policies & utilitarianism. Mill believed that economic philosophy, along with social awareness, should play a role in politics & shape public policy.
- Mill’s best-known works include principles of political economy, utilitarianism, on Liberty and subsection of a women. The purpose of life is happiness.
- There is no happiness without Liberty. Thus, Liberty is a precondition for a Utility & has priority over utility.
- There are two traditions in liberalism,
- Tradition of utility.
- Tradition of natural rights.
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